To arrive at the adequate design of the reactor, temperature distribution needs to be accurately predicted inside the reactor. For example, kilns that produce lime from limestone may be over 25 metres high and hold, at any one time, well over 400 tonnes of materials. Al 2 o 3 catalyst in micro and millistructured reactors. Dear friends where can i get information about the kinetics and rate law of direct chlorination of ethylene to be able to simulate the reaction in. Some oxychlorination processes utilize a fluidized bed reactor, but no heat recovery is possible with these reactors. Ethylene oxychlorination n promoters on activity and. Kinetics of direct chlorination of ethylene posted in chemical process simulation. Some oxychlorination catalyst compositions and processes disclosed herein can. Varying the distributor design to control bubbles diameters by limiting their size. Andrea montebelli, enrico tronconi, carlo orsenigo, and nicola ballarini. Kinetics of the oxychlorination of ethylene industrial.
The effect of catalyst amount was considered carefully. Oxychlorination is a catalytic reaction of ethylene with hydrogen chloride and oxygen to form edc. In one configuration, a feed stream comprises a paraffin or olefin hydrocarbon such as methane or ethylene, and a second feed stream comprises oxygen and hydrogen chloride. Kinetic study and fluidizedbed reactor modeling for the. Deactivation of oxychlorination catalysts haldor topsoe. Due to the corrosion, the sealing design tube expansion. Reactor modeling of ethylene oxychlorination for 1, 2. While fluid bed oxychlorination reactors are generally wellbehaved and operate predictably, under certain usually upset conditions, they are subject to a phenomenon known as stickiness. Simulation of a 1st reactor o 2 technology temperature profile. The reaction is usually initiated by copperii chloride cucl 2, which is the most common catalyst.
The edc thus produced has a quality which allows the direct feed to the edc cracker without. For batch reactors, conversion is a function of time whereas for. After the replacement of a 20yearold oxychlorination reactor, the top tubetubesheet of the newly installed reactor was seriously corroded and lasted for only 40 days. Sequencing batch reactor design and operational considerations 1 tr16 guides for the design of wastewater treatment worksis one of the most requested documents produced by the new england interstate water pollution control commission. Kinetic study and fluidizedbed reactor modeling for the oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2dichloroethane italian keywords. Kinetics of direct chlorination of ethylene chemical. The model is based on the twophase theory of fluidization and allows for the change in volumetric gas flow rate in the dense phase due to the change in number of moles accompanying the reaction. Catalytic reactor design m ost major processes in the chemical process industries are built around heterogeneous chemical reactions. The study emphasizes the intricate effects of handling the removal of numerous impurities generated in different reactors by a common separation system, with implications on process.
Kinetic and modeling study of the ethylene oxychlorination to 1,2dichloroethane in fluidizedbed reactors. The very small offgas stream of inerts and carbon oxides which are formed in the process is fed to the byproduct revocery. Now add a feed composition of pure ethylbenzene at 152. With increasing environmental concerns in process design, there is a particularly strong need to maximize conversion to product and avoid generation of wasteful byproducts within the reactor network. A comprehensive reactor model for ethylene oxychlorination for the production of 1,2dichloroethane in a fluidizedbed reactor is developed. In this study a fluidized bed reactor for 1, 2 dichloroethane production from ethylene oxychlorination was modeled by computational fluid dynamics cfd. Optimization of ethylene oxychlorination uidizedbed. In newconstruction or retrofit projects for such plants, process engineers must design and specify not only the reactors but also the cat. Return to the design tab and specify that this reactor has no pressure drop and is an adiabatic reactor. The concentration readings also provide a control parameter for the reactor temperature, as higher temperature promotes. However, there is a need for supplemental information to address the design of sequencing batch. A reactor with swing feeds is provided for oxychlorination.
This paper describes the thermal modeling of chlorination reactor using comsol multiphysics. Higher reactor homogeneity for better performance at harder conditions first reactor pressure drop 50% 70% 90% 110% % 150% capacity reactor pressure drop new ivod2f diluent standard ivod1 diluent tube packing quality tubes distribution standar diluent new diluent fixed bed oxychlorination catalysts key factors. Samples extracted from the retired and new tubetubesheet were examined to identify the possible causes for the failures. Oxychlorination design the oxychlorination reactor is a pftr with cupric chloride catalyst packed in the tubes while cooling water flows on the shell side for temperature control. This reactor comprises multiple inlets with controls capable of introducing feed streams sequentially to the reactor. At this temperature chlorine becomes very aggressive to most construction materials. Fluidizedbed reactor, oxygenbased oxy vinyls effect of operating level and plant capacity on product value520 5. In the oxychlorination reactor, ethylene reacts with dry hcl and either air or pure oxygen in a. The catalyst is fed to the reactor loop under normal operation. The vinyl chloride, in turn is used to manufacture polyvinyl chloride pvc resin. The reactors, in which chemicals are made in industry, vary in size from a few cm 3 to the vast structures that are often depicted in photographs of industrial plants. Fluidized beds typically are more complex to design, build, and operate than other types of reactors, such as packedbed and stirredtank reactors. Failure analysis of corroded tubetubesheet in an oxy.
The name refers to its unusual design where, instead of a large steel pressure vessel surrounding the entire core, each fuel. Oxychlorination of ethylene journal of chemical education. In this work, a steadystate distributed mathematical model is developed for ethylene oxychlorination to produce edc in a uidizedbed reactor. In any manufacturing process where there is a chemical change. Edc direct chlorination process using boiling reactor.
Design and operating data used in the reactor modelling symbol design and operating data value d bed diameter 3. Coco 2 ratio measurement in the oxychlorination reactor vent gas is an excellent indicator of reaction efficiency an increasing ratio signifies decreasing efficiency. Chemical reactor design, optimization, and scaleup e. Processes using such oxychlorination catalyst compositions are also described. Modelling and simulation of 1,2dichloroethane production. Oxychlorination reaction ethylene dichloride uses edc is used primarily as a raw material in the manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer vcm. A solid catalyst is an integral part of almost all these operations. An optimal temperature of 305 o c was determined by the reactor model.
In organic chemistry oxychlorination is a process for making ccl bonds. Basic objectives in design of a reactor in chemical engineering physical operations such as fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer and separation processes play a very large part. Edc is also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of chlorinated and fluorinated compounds. Oxychlorination design the oxychlorination reactor is a. Oxychlorination efficiency validation and optimization. Us20070112235a1 catalyst compositions and process for. Oxy reactor effluent flow rates lbmolhr acetylene 0. Normal loadign pattern gas temp 6% of catalysts in top zone gas temp. An operating temperature of 220245 c and gauge pressure of 150500 kpa 2273 psig are typical for oxychlorination with a fluid bed reactor.
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